SQL provides a wide range of mathematical functions that you can use in your queries. Here are a few examples:
ABS() - Returns the absolute value of a number.ROUND() - Rounds a number to a specified number of decimal places.CEIL() - Returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to a number.FLOOR() - Returns the largest integer less than or equal to a number.POWER() - Returns the result of a number raised to a specified power.SQL also provides several functions for working with dates and times. Here are a few examples:
NOW() - Returns the current date and time.DATE() - Extracts the date part of a datetime value.TIME() - Extracts the time part of a datetime value.YEAR() - Extracts the year from a date value.MONTH() - Extracts the month from a date value.DAY() - Extracts the day of the month from a date value.SQL also provides several functions for working with strings. Here are a few examples:
LENGTH() - Returns the length of a string.SUBSTRING() - Returns a portion of a string.CONCAT() - Concatenates two or more strings.UPPER() - Converts a string to uppercase.LOWER() - Converts a string to lowercase.Aggregate functions are used to perform calculations on groups of rows. Here are a few examples:
COUNT() - Counts the number of rows in a group.SUM() - Calculates the sum of a group of values.AVG() - Calculates the average of a group of values.MAX() - Returns the maximum value in a group.MIN() - Returns the minimum value in a group.